In many high burden countries, patients with TB symptoms seek care from diverse care providers, outside the current scope of the National Tuberculosis control Programme (NTP). Non-NTP providers usually do not apply efficient diagnosis strategies nor do they follow the DOTS strategy, thus hampers case detection, delays diagnosis, results in sub-standard treatment, increases risk for drug resistance and/or puts an excessive financial burden on patients. WHO recommends in the new Stop TB Strategy to engage non-NTP providers and scale up Public-Private Mix (PPM) DOTS initiatives. Thus, there is an impending need to strengthen the capacity to plan, implement and evaluate PPM DOTS initiatives in high-burden countries.